Beletsky, L., Seymour, S., Kang, S., Siegel, Z., Sinha, M. S., Marino, R., Dave, A., & Freifeld, C. C. (2020). Fentanyl panic goes viral: The spread of misinformation about overdose risk from casual contact with fentanyl in mainstream and social media. International Journal of Drug Policy, 86, 102951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102951

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395920302851?dgcid=coauthor

A substantial amount of false information about the risk of overdosing from casual fentanyl contact has reportedly been spread through social media and mainstream channels, according to statistics cited in the news article "Fentanyl Panic Goes Viral: The Spread of Misinformation about Overdose Risk from Casual Contact with Fentanyl in Mainstream and social media". It also covers the issue of how erroneous information and inflated claims regarding the ease of fentanyl overdose have caused unwarranted anxiety and panic in the public. The article also lists cases where the strength and methods of transmission of fentanyl are misreported, which distorts people's understanding of the true risks connected to the drug. This relates to van der Linden's acronyms of persecuted victims and is contradictory since the target audience for this mis and disinformation is hitting the younger generations on social media and the older generations on news networks that are biased and that exaggerate their information heavily.